CD71 (transferrin receptor) is a highly effective marker for the detection of cells of erythroid lineage in paraffin sections of bone marrow biopsy specimens. et al. First, it has a distinct membranous and cytoplasmic staining pattern, which is easily recognizable. Impaired interferon signaling is a common immune defect in human cancer. CD71 has been shown to associate with the TCRz chain and ZAP70 and may participate in TCR signaling, and is an essential factor for proliferating T cells. In these 3 cases, however, studies for CD235a and hemoglobin showed much stronger reactivity in mature erythrocytes. et al. R Tested in Flow Cytometry (Flow) applications. The results of immunohistochemical studies for CD71, CD235a, and hemoglobin are summarized in Table 1. MT Thus, CD71 staining is a robust, specific marker for erythroid precursors in Zenker- and formalin-fixed bone marrow biopsy specimens. Della Porta MG Brown However, this negative co-stimulatory effect appears to be dose-dependent, as low doses of CD95 agonists had the opposite effect and strongly promoted activation and proliferation of T cells. Thus CD71 may be aberrantly expressed by T cells in human disease. 2011 Apr 8;9:7. It appears that these activated nonerythroid lineage cells in VISTA KO mice consist of different immune cells, but the majority were CD3 + T cells . R CM CD95 ligation has been shown to inhibit TCR signaling and activation of naïve T cells. Penny Expression of CD71 marks proliferating neutrophils, which were expanded in the blood of melanoma patients and detectable in blood and tumors from lung cancer patients. 2012 Sep 8;413(17-18):1338-49. Our data show that the kinetics of expression of these activation markers follows a precise and consistent time-course with some differences between mouse and human T cells. Schulte The majority of cases in the study were fixed in Zenker fixative, which is routinely used at our institution because it provides superior cytologic detail. Lesley A, The CD71 staining pattern demonstrates that the majority of the cells are erythroid precursors in a case of acute erythroid/myeloid leukemia. Biselli R, Matricardi PM, D’Amelio R, Fattorossi A. Scand J Immunol. The patterns of expression of these activation markers were similar in both proliferative and luteal phases. In cases of acute erythroid leukemias Image 3, CD71 was also the most sensitive marker in demonstrating the erythroid precursors and erythroblasts. 2004 Oct;293(1-2):127-42. MG Depending on the duration of acti-vation response after the stimulus, CD markers can be divided into early stimulation (CD69+ and CD71 +) and late activation (CD25 , … *Image courtesy of http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fas_ligand*, 28903 Avenue Paine Traditional markers for erythroid lineage, such as hemoglobin and glycophorin A (also referred to as CD235a), may be difficult to interpret owing to reactivity of both markers for abundant mature nonnucleated erythrocytes in the marrow and the cytoplasmic staining pattern of hemoglobin.12 The goal of this study was to evaluate the distribution and specificity of CD71 immunoreactivity for erythroid precursors in a variety of clinical settings in paraffin-embedded bone marrow biopsy specimens, in comparison with immunohistochemical studies for hemoglobin and CD235a. NL Daniel CD95L was upregulated in HIV-infected APCs, and led to suppressed T cell activation. In paraffin-embedded tissue, particularly in dyspoietic marrow samples, erythroid precursors may not be easily differentiated from other types of precursors on H&E-stained and Giemsa-stained sections, and immunohistochemical analysis is useful for this distinction. The specificity of CD71 for erythroid precursors is likely related to a higher level of expression owing to a high level of hemoglobin synthesis in these cells. CD71 was the most useful marker in assessing the percentage of erythroid elements in acute erythroid/myeloid leukemia (FAB AML-M6a). This study defined the immunohistochemical profile of CD71, as compared with glycophorin A (CD235a) and hemoglobin, in 65 bone marrow biopsy specimens, including normal marrow specimens and cases of myelodysplastic syndrome, acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, plasma cell neoplasm, and metastatic carcinoma. Lunghi et al. Others like CD44 or the downregulation of CD62L also might work well. CD71, and HLA-DR—on T-cell subsets, after in vitro stimulationofperipheral-bloodmononuclearcells(PBMCs) Contractgrantsponsor:IstitutoSuperiorediSanita`,ProgettoFinalizzato CD71 + and CD71 − AMs were phenotypically, functionally, and transcriptionally distinct, with CD71 − AMs characterized by reduced expression of markers of macrophage maturity, impaired phagocytosis, and enhanced expression of profibrotic genes. As was similarly discussed for CD69, Critchley-Thorne et. Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy of Intraocular Mass-like Lesions: Lymphocytic Esophagitis With Predominance of CD4 T Cells and Expansion of Th1 Cells Is Associated With Achalasia. Although prior studies have demonstrated that CD71 is expressed in numerous types of neoplastic and proliferating cells,16,17 in our cases, we found that CD71 was not detected in neoplastic cells of cases of AML, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, metastatic carcinoma, or plasma cell neoplasm. Supplied as 100 µg purified antibody (0.2 mg/mL). et al. In cases of MDS, AML, plasma cell neoplasm, and metastatic carcinoma Image 2, CD71 served as the most effective marker for the detection of admixed erythroid precursors owing to their distinct staining pattern and lack of reactivity in mature erythrocytes. Because mature erythrocytes express spectrin, it is most likely that immunohistochemical studies for spectrin will have high background compared with CD71. The neoplastic diagnoses were classified according to the World Health Organization classification13; however, for simplicity of categorization, the cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are designated by the former French-American-British (FAB) classification14 in Table 1. It is important to remember, however, that CD71 expression decreases during erythrocyte maturation, and careful examination is required to prevent underestimation of the erythroid population. Although all proliferating cells in hematopoietic system express CD71, however, CD71 has been considered as a useful erythroid-associated antigen. It is well known as a marker for cell proliferation and activation. CD71 (TFRC, Transferrin Receptor, TfR) is a cell surface iron transport receptor that is upregulated in proliferating cells by 24-48 hours following T cell activation and expression continues to rise and is maintained for several days. et al. Understanding what these activation markers are, when they are expressed, and their role in T cell function during normal responses and disease states is important when selecting markers for assessing T cell biology for studies on human PBMC. In cases of acute pure erythroid leukemia (FAB AML-M6b), reactivity for CD71 clearly demonstrated that the blasts were of erythroid lineage (Image 3B). Lymphocyte activation markers may predict the presence of donor specific alloreactivity in pediatric living related liver transplant recipients. et al. Bene However, the potential expression of CD71 in nonhematopoietic malignancies is an important caveat. The transferrin receptor is most highly expressed on placental syncytiotrophoblasts, myocytes, basal keratinocytes, hepatocytes, endocrine pancreas, spermatocytes, and erythroid precursors.5 The level of transferrin receptor expression is highest in early erythroid precursors through the intermediate normoblast phase, after which expression decreases through the reticulocyte phase.6–8 The maturation to erythrocytes results in loss of transferrin receptor expression, in concert with down-regulation of the machinery for hemoglobin synthesis. M S CD4 is the co-receptor expressed by helper T cells and CD8 is expressed by cytotoxic T cells, these co-receptors help stabilize the TCR-MHC complex. The high level of transferrin receptor within erythroid precursors makes it an excellent potential marker for evaluating erythroid elements within the bone marrow. We found that erythroid precursor cells, co-expressing the transferrin receptor CD71 and erythroid marker TER119, are present in impressively high numbers in … CD71 (transferrin receptor) is an activation marker and can be expressed on different immune cells including T cells . Thus, these may be useful markers when assessing the phenotype and function of human PBMCs. Although CD71 has been used for flow cytometric analysis, its usefulness in paraffin-embedded bone marrow biopsy specimens has not been examined. CD71 expression decreases with the maturation of erythrocytes. et al. In a previous posting, I discussed the use of T cell activation markers as a strategy for assessing the function of T cells from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). 1995 Feb 15;154(4):1675-83. CD95 co-stimulation blocks activation of naive T cells by inhibiting T cell receptor signaling. Fax: 310.893.6763 The pattern and intensity of staining for each antibody were evaluated. Furthermore, we identified CD71 as a marker associated with the earliest neutrophil developmental stages. There are a large number of commonly used macrophage markers such as CD14, CD16, CD64, CD68, CD71 and CCR5; the exact marker to be used will be dependent upon the subset of macrophage and the conditions of their local environment. Bicknell Paraffin sections of 58 bone marrow biopsy specimens fixed in Zenker solution were analyzed: 10 normal marrow samples, 11 cases of MDS with excess blasts (refractory anemia with excess blasts [RAEB-1 or RAEB-2]); 24 cases of AML, including 2 each of FAB subtypes M0-M5, 7 cases of acute erythroid/myeloid leukemia (FAB AML-M6a), 5 cases of acute pure erythroid leukemia (FAB AML-M6b), and 5 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia; 3 cases of plasma cell neoplasm; and 5 cases of metastatic carcinoma. JN In all cases, immunoreactivity was evaluated for erythroid precursors, mature erythrocytes, blasts, and background tissue. Salmerón A, Borroto A, Fresno M, Crumpton MJ, Ley SC, Alarcón B. J Immunol. define the advantages of CD71 when compared to hemoglobin and CD235a.

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